Parenthetical Citations
Use this format when citing references WITHIN THE TEXT of your paper.
Within the text of my paper, how do I cite:
- a basic reference?
- using the author's name within a sentence?
- a work with two authors?
- a work with no author?
| APA General Format |
Give the (Author Lastname, year of publication, p. page#). |
| APA Example |
Studies have found that "marriages in which the parents share responsibilites tend to be the happiest" (Levine, 1976, p. 222). |
| MLA General Format |
Give the (Author Lastname page#). |
| MLA Example |
Studies have found that "marriages in which the parents share responsibilites tend to be the happiest" (Levine 222). |
| Turabian General Format |
Give the (Author Lastname year of publication, page#). |
| Turabian Example |
Studies have found that "marriages in which the parents share responsibilites tend to be the happiest" (Levine 1976, 222). |
| APA Example |
Kearman (1982) reports that from 1967 to 1980, kindergarten enrollment rose by about a third. |
| MLA Example |
Kearman reports that from 1967 to 1980, kindergarten enrollment rose by about a third (18). |
| Turabian Example |
Kearman (1982, 18) reports that from 1967 to 1980, kindergarten enrollment rose by about a third. |
| APA Example |
Researchers note that education was limited to individualized instruction at religious schools in urban areas (Johnson and Parker, 1998, p.20). |
| MLA Example |
Researchers note that education was limited to individualized instruction at religious schools in urban areas (Johnson and Parker 20). |
| Turabian Example |
Researchers note that education was limited to individualized instruction at religious schools in urban areas (Johnson and Parker 1998, 20). |
| APA Example |
Hispanics make up an increasingly disproportionate share of the nation's high school dropouts ("Study Finds," 2002, p. 203). |
| MLA Example |
Hispanics make up an increasingly disproportionate share of the nation's high school dropouts (Study Finds 203). |
| Turabian Example |
Hispanics make up an increasingly disproportionate share of the nation's high school dropouts (Study Finds 2002, 203). |
